Cournoyer, D. (2019, April 4). This is sad. Alberta’s leaders’ debate remarkable for being horribly boring. daveberta.ca - Alberta Politics. https://daveberta.ca/2019/04/this-is-sad-albertas-leaders-debate-remarkable-for-being-horribly-boring
*Include a case identification number, if provided.
Goode, M.R. & Mark, K. (2019). Mixtape social: Building brands for athletes and companies (9B19A012). Ivey Publishing.
*Students should refer to their Course Outline/Syllabus and talk to their instructor because courses will differ in terms of what uses are permitted or not permitted, as well as how to acknowledge AI tools. Please note these initial guidelines may change.
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
General template for citing data resources:
Author. (Year). Title of dataset/document (ID number if provided) [Description of form]. Publisher or Source. DOI or retrieved from URL if freely available online
Dataset with a Digital Object Identifier (DOI):
Gurr, T. R. (2006). Polity II: Political structures and regime change, 1800-1986 (ICPSR 9263, Version V1) [Data set and code book]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR09263.v1
Dataset without a DOI:
Reference entry:
Statistics Canada. (2011). Canadian Community Health Survey, 2010: Annual component [Public use microdata file and code book]. Odesi. https://search1.odesi.ca/#/details?uri=%2Fodesi%2FCCHS-82M0013-E-2010-AnnualComponent.xml
Data table or custom tabulation:
*If the publisher/distributor is the same as the author, omit the publisher information from the reference entry to avoid duplication.
Statistics Canada. (2017). Volatile organic compound levels measured in household air (13-10-0105-01) [Table]. https://doi.org/10.25318/1310010501-eng
Graphic representation of data:
*Include "n.d." for "no date" rather than a date of publication and a retrieval date as shown if information provided by the source changes over time and the source does not provide stable URLs or permanent links to previous versions.
Edmonton Police Service. (n.d.). Neighbourhood crime map - Allendale, break and enter, last 60 days [Interactive map]. Retrieved on May 23, 2019, from https://crimemapping.edmontonpolice.ca
Data dashboard:
City of Edmonton. (2016). 2016 federal census neighborhood profiles [Tableau dashboard]. https://www.edmonton.ca/residential_neighbourhoods/neighbourhoods/neighbourhood-profiles.aspx
*General guidelines for specialized data and original content only available from select discipline-specific library databases (examples: Industry Reports from IBISWorld; Nursing Care Plans from Lippincott Advisor):
Example with an author:
Couillard, L. (2019, October). Breweries in Canada [Industry report]. IBISWorld. https://www.ibisworld.com/
Example with no author listed (use database name as author and omit from the end):
*Include "Retrieved" followed by date accessed for sources that are updated over time.
Lippincott Procedures. (2019, August 15). Delegating Care. Retrieved June 18, 2020, from http://lippincottsolutions.lww.com/solutions/procedures.html
Example with no date listed, but source likely to change over time:
*Include "n.d." for "no date" rather than a date of publication and a retrieval date as shown if information provided by the source is likely to change over time (not required if source links back to previous archived versions):
Marketline. (n.d.). Lululemon Athletica Inc. [Company profile]. Retrieved June 9, 2020, from https://www.marketline.com
Physical copy or from a subscription service:
*The director should be credited as the author. If unknown, list other(s) in a prominent role (e.g., writer, producer).
Polley, S. (Director). (2012). Stories we tell [Film]. Mongrel Media.
Free online:
Polley, S. (Director). (2012). Stories we tell [Film]. Mongrel Media. https://www.nfb.ca/film/stories_we_tell/?films_list_en=feature
*Include a catalogue or report number in parentheses, if given.
O’Donnell, V., Wendt, M, & the National Association of Friendship Centres. (2017, March 21). Aboriginal seniors in population centres in Canada (Catalogue No 89-653-X). Statistics Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/89-653-x/89-653-x2017013-eng.pdf
*If the author and publisher are the same, omit the publisher prior to the link to avoid duplication.
Department of Justice. (2019, August 26). Final report on the review of Canada’s criminal justice system. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/cj-jp/tcjs-tsjp/fr-rf/docs/fr.pdf
General guidelines for including images from a published source:
Public domain images:
*The image below is in the public domain meaning there are no restrictions on how the image can be used. If publication year is not available, add n.d. for no date.
Altmann, G. (n.d.). Covid-19 [Photograph]. Public Domain Pictures.net. https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/view-image.php?image=338559
Creative commons licensed images:
*The image of an infographic below was posted online with a Creative Commons license. The "CC BY" means that the image can be shared and adapted as long as the original creator is credited.
Plastic Atlis. (2019). The threat to the world's climate posed by plastic [Infographic]. Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/2hznwd9
*If you have spoken with an Indigenous Elder or Knowledge Keeper, provide an in-text citation with as much detail as possible to describe and contextualize the information you are citing, including their full name, nation or Indigenous group, location and any other relevant information followed by "personal communication" and the date or date range when the correspondence took place:
*Because this information is not retrievable, APA does not require that it be included in the reference list. However, MacEwan University Library recommends that Elders and Knowledge Keepers be cited in-text and in the reference list. The following citation style was developed by NorQuest College Library in the spirit of wahkôhtowin and reconciliation and was adapted under a CC BY-NC license.
Template to follow:
Last name, First initial., Nation/Community. Treaty Territory, if applicable. Where they live, if applicable. Topic/subject of communication, if applicable [Personal communication]. Date.
Reference entry:
Cardinal, W., Goodfish Lake Cree Nation. Treaty 6. Lives in Edmonton. Oral teaching [Personal communication]. June 5, 2020.
Note: If you would like to approach an Elder or Knowledge Keeper for teachings, remember to follow protocol. If you are unsure what their protocol is, please ask them ahead of time.
For more examples: Refer to the Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation (call number: KE 259 .C36 2010), also called the "McGill Guide."
Legislation and statutes:
*General Guidelines
Canada Labour Code, RSC 1985, c. L-2. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/L-2/
Cases:
*General guidelines:
MacDonald v. Canada, 2020 SCC 6. http://canlii.ca/t/j5tnl
Bills:
*General guidelines:
Bill C-77: An Act to amend the National Defense Act and to make related and consequential amendments to other Acts. 42nd Parliament, 1st Session, December 3, 2015-Present. Retrieved from the Parliament of Canada, LEGISinfo website on April 9, 2019: https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/BillDetails.aspx?Language=E&billId=9847536.
Legal materials in Martin's Annual Criminal Code:
Canada Evidence Act. (1985). In Martin's Annual Criminal Code 2019 (Student ed., pp. 1819-1893). Thomson Reuters.
Noninteractive Maps (like an image or PDF document)
Indigenous Services Canada. (2020, February). First Nations Alberta [Map]. Government of Canada. https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/DAM/DAM-INTER-HQ-AI/STAGING/texte-text/map_room_fn_can_alb_1511810681272_eng.pdf
Interactive Maps (maps that you can enter search terms into to see different results)
In square brackets and in place of a title, describe the search or interaction used to produce the map. If the site you are using produces a unique URL address for that interaction (like a Google Maps search), use that URL address in your references entry. Your reader will be able to access the same version of the map by following the link.
Google. (n.d.). [Google Maps search of Sikh Gurdwara locations in Edmonton, Alberta]. Retrieved November 6, 2020, from https://www.google.ca/maps/search/sikh+temples/@53.4644527,-113.4395393,13z/data=!3m1!4b1
If the map does not produce a unique URL address for that interaction, your reader will not be able to access the same version of the map by following your link, so it is best to take a screenshot image of the map and include it as an appendix as well.
Edmonton Police Service. (2009). [Neighbourhood Crime Map search for assaults and break and enter crimes conducted in the Richfield neighbourhood within the last 30 days]. Retrieved November 6, 2020 from https://crimemapping.edmontonpolice.ca/
Levitt, T. (n.d.). 7 days of sleep [Mobile app]. Calm.com, Inc. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/calm/id571800810
*If the author and publisher are the same, omit the publisher from the end to avoid duplication.
Heart and Stroke Foundation Canada. (2017). Learn the signs of stroke [Pamphlet].
*General guidelines:
Maron, M. (Host). (2020, April 27). Laura Linney (No. 1118) [Audio podcast episode]. In WTF with Marc Maron podcast.
*General guidelines:
Gilbert, W. S. (Librettist), & Sullivan, A. (Composer). (1942). The pirates of Penzance, or, the slave of duty [Vocal score]. G. Schirmer.
Original score:
Ellington, D. (1963). Bonga (empty town blues) [Full score]. Alfred/Belwin Jazz.
Transcribed score:
Ellington, D. (2014). Bonga (empty town blues) [Full score]. (D. Berger, transcriber). Alfred/Belwin Jazz.
*Include the following:
Facebook example (learn more):
Earth's General Store. (2018, October 23). Tomorrow is #WasteFreeWednesday. We have a mountain of plastic waste already fill up our world [Video attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/EarthsGeneral/posts/2036308389764780
Instagram example (learn more):
Ocasio-Cortez, A. [@aoc]. (2019, October 18). Chairman Elijah Cummings was a hero. Just watch any video of him in any hearing and you will understand [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B3xqEVBAjc3/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link
Twitter example (learn more):
Notley, R. [@RachelNotley]. (2017, September 30). Raising Alberta’s minimum wage to $13.60 will boost the spending power of low-income people, which supports Alberta’s economic recovery [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/RachelNotley/status/914134389264498688
TikTok example (learn more):
World Health Organization [@WHO]. (2020, May 29). Building back better from #covid19 means building back greener [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@who/video/6832198433378471173
*General guidelines:
Beyoncé. (2016). Formation [Song]. On Lemonade. Parkwood; Columbia.
Cover version of a song:
Reed, L. (2000). I found a reason [Song recorded by Cat Power]. The Covers Record. Matador. (Original work published 1970)
*Include the name of the account owner, if given, followed by the username in square brackets:
Trudeau, J. [pmocpm]. (2018, October 23). Prime Minister Trudeau announces federal pollution pricing system [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/KQ5SFYCrUwI
*If no person’s name is given, only include the account or screen name:
CBC News. (2017, October 25). How much do refugees and immigrants get in social assistance? [Video]. Curio. https://curio.ca/en/video/how-much-do-refugees-and-immigrants-get-in-social-assistance-18406
*General guidelines if including a table or graph from a published source:
Visit the APA Style Blog to learn more about formatting and citing tables and graphs.
Table example:
Table 1
Animal Preferences by Number of Responses
Smith, J. (2018). A study of favourite animals. Animal Journal, 3(1), 4-16. https://doi.org/10.xxxxx/xxx/xx
Graph example:
Revitt, E., Magnus, E., Schrader, A., & Wright, J. (2019). 2018 census of Canadian academic librarians user guide and results summary. Canadian Association of Professional Academic Librarians. https://capalibrarians.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/2018_Census_March_24_2019.pdf
With a DOI:
Erickson, N. (2018). The other 'librarian': Work identity of library paraprofessionals from preparation to practice [Doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta]. ERA: Education and Research Archive. https://www.doi.org/10.7939/R38W38J4V
Without a DOI:
Lindsey, L. (2018). Health within illness: Experiences of the chronically ill/disabled [Doctoral dissertation, University of Victoria]. UVicSpace. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9669
*There is no need to identify where or how the show was viewed be it Netflix, a DVD, or elsewhere.
Reference entry:
Podeswa, J. (Director), Benioff, D. (Writer), & Weiss, D.B. (Writer). (2017, July 16). Dragonstone (Season 7, Episode 1) [Television series episode]. In Benioff, D., & Weiss, D.B. (Executive Producers), Game of Thrones. HBO.
*Since Wikipedia content changes frequently, cite the archived version of the page you have accessed. To do so, select "View History" from the article page and select the link for the version you have accessed noting its date for the reference entry.
Edmonton. (2020, June 2). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edmonton&oldid=960386597
Original work in a museum:
da Vinci, L. (1503). Mona Lisa [Painting]. The Louvre, Paris, France.
Image of an original work from a museum website:
da Vinci, L. (1503). Mona Lisa [Painting]. The Louvre, Paris, France. https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/mona-lisa-portrait-lisa-gherardini-wife-francesco-del-giocondo
Image of an original work from a library database (e.g., ARTstor):
da Vinci, L. (1503). Mona Lisa [Painting]. ARTstor.
* General Guidelines:
Nault, T. (n.d.). Wakey wakey for eggs n bac'y [Zine].